Method, apparatus, and system for channel access in unlicensed band

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a method, an apparatus, and a system for adjusting a contention window size for performing channel access. In detail, the method includes: receiving a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) responses for downlink channel(s) of the specific cell; generating a random number N (N≥0) in a contention window size; and performing the downlink transmission in the specific cell after standing by for N slots while the specific cell is idle, wherein when a ratio of negative acknowledgement (NACK) among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is equal to or more than a reference value, the contention window size becomes larger than a previous value, and when the ratio of the NACK among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is less than the reference value, the contention window size is reset to a minimum value.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/872,978, filed on Jan. 16, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/444,239, filed on Feb. 27, 2017, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/051,683, filed onFeb. 24, 2016, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2015-0129981 filed in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office on Sep. 14, 2015, and Korean Patent Application No.10-2015-0148370 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Oct.23, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system.Particularly, the present invention relates to a method, an apparatus,and a system for performing channel access in an unlicensed band.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, with an explosive increase of mobile traffic due to thespread of smart devices, it has been difficult to cope with data usagewhich increases for providing a cellular communication service only by aconventional licensed frequency spectrum or LTE-licensed frequency band.

In such a situation, a scheme that uses an unlicensed (alternatively,unauthorized, non-licensed, or license unnecessary) frequency spectrumor LTE-Unlicensed frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, or thelike) for providing the cellular communication service has been devisedas a solution for a spectrum shortage problem.

However, unlike the licensed band in which a communication serviceprovider secures an exclusive frequency use right through a proceduresuch as auction, or the like, in the unlicensed band, multiplecommunication facilities can be used simultaneously without limit whenonly a predetermined level of adjacent band protection regulation isobserved. As a result, when the unlicensed band is used in the cellularcommunication service, it is difficult to guarantee communicationquality at a level provided in the licensed band and an interferenceproblem with a conventional wireless communication device (e.g.,wireless LAN device) using the unlicensed band may occur.

Therefore, a research into a coexistence scheme with the conventionalunlicensed band device and a scheme for efficiently sharing a radiochannel needs to be preferentially made in order to settle an LTEtechnology in the unlicensed band. That is, a robust coexistencemechanism (RCM) needs to be developed in order to prevent a device usingthe LTE technology in the unlicensed band from influencing theconventional unlicensed band device.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

The present invention has been made in an effort to provide a method forefficiently transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system, inparticular, a cellular wireless communication system and an apparatustherefor. Further, the present invention has been made in an effort toprovide a method for efficiently transmitting a signal in a specificfrequency band (e.g., unlicensed band) and an apparatus therefor.

Technical objects desired to be achieved in the present invention arenot limited to the aforementioned objects, and other technical objectsnot described above will be apparently understood by those skilled inthe art from the following disclosure.

Technical Solution

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method forperforming downlink transmission in a specific cell by a base station ina cellular wireless communication system, the method including:receiving a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement(HARQ-ACK) responses for downlink channel(s) of the specific cell;generating a random number N (N 0) in a contention window size; andperforming the downlink transmission in the specific cell after standingby for N slots while the specific cell is idle, wherein when a ratio ofnegative acknowledgement (NACK) among the plurality of HARQ-ACKresponses is equal to or more than a reference value, the contentionwindow size becomes larger than a previous value, and when the ratio ofthe NACK among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is less than thereference value, the contention window size is reset to a minimum value.

Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a basestation used in a cellular wireless communication system, the basestation including: a wireless communication module; and a processor,wherein the processor is configured to receive a plurality of hybridautomatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) responses fordownlink channel(s) of the specific cell, generate a random number N(N>0) in a contention window size, and perform the downlink transmissionin the specific cell after standing by for N slots while the specificcell is idle, when a ratio of negative acknowledgement (NACK) among theplurality of HARQ-ACK responses is equal to or more than a referencevalue, the contention window size becomes larger than a previous value,and when the ratio of the NACK among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responsesis less than the reference value, the contention window size is reset toa minimum value.

When the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses includes discontinuoustransmission (DTX), the ratio of the NACK may additionally include aratio of the DTX.

The downlink channel(s) may be included in a plurality of adjacentsubframes on the specific cell which are most recently present beforethe downlink transmission.

All of the downlink channel(s) may be included in first one subframeamong the plurality of adjacent subframes on the specific cell.

All of the downlink channel(s) may be included in first two subframesamong the plurality of adjacent subframes and 1st subframe of the firsttwo subframes may be a partial subframe.

The specific cell may be an unlicensed cell and the plurality ofHARQ-ACK responses may be received from a plurality of user equipmentsthrough a licensed cell.

In the case of the reference value, 0<reference value<1 or 0%<referencevalue<100%.

Yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides amethod for performing downlink transmission in a specific cell by a basestation in a cellular wireless communication system, the methodincluding: receiving a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat requestacknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) responses for downlink channel(s) of thespecific cell; verifying whether the specific cell is idle for a randomtime in a contention window when the specific cell is idle for apredetermined time; and performing the downlink transmission in thespecific cell when the specific cell is idle for the random time in thecontention window, wherein when a ratio of negative acknowledgement(NACK) among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is equal to or morethan a reference value, the contention window size becomes larger than aprevious value, and when the ratio of the NACK among the plurality ofHARQ-ACK responses is less than the reference value, the contentionwindow size is set to a minimum value.

Still yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention providesa base station used in a cellular wireless communication system, thebase station including: a wireless communication module; and aprocessor, wherein the processor is configured to receive a plurality ofhybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) responses fordownlink channel(s) of the specific cell, verify whether the specificcell is idle for a random time in a contention window when the specificcell is idle for a predetermined time; and perform the downlinktransmission in the specific cell when the specific cell is idle for therandom time in the contention window, wherein when a ratio of negativeacknowledgement (NACK) among the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses isequal to or more than a reference value, the contention window sizebecomes larger than a previous value, and when the ratio of the NACKamong the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses is less than the referencevalue, the contention window size is set to a minimum value.

When the plurality of HARQ-ACK responses includes discontinuoustransmission (DTX), the ratio of the NACK may additionally include aratio of the DTX.

The downlink channel(s) may be included in a plurality of adjacentsubframes on the specific cell which are most recently present beforethe downlink transmission.

All of the downlink channel(s) may be included in first one subframeamong the plurality of adjacent subframes on the specific cell.

All of the downlink channel(s) may be included in first two subframesamong the plurality of adjacent subframes and 1st subframe of the firsttwo subframes may be a partial subframe.

The contention window may be constituted by a plurality of slots, therandom time in the contention window may correspond to N slots, and Nslots may be randomly generated in the contention window size.

In the case of the reference value, 0<reference value<1 or 0%<referencevalue<100%.

The specific cell may be an unlicensed cell and the plurality ofHARQ-ACK responses may be received from a plurality of user equipmentsthrough a licensed cell.

Advantageous Effects

According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, providedare a method for efficiently transmitting a signal in a wirelesscommunication system, in particular, a cellular wireless communicationsystem and an apparatus therefor. Further, provided are a method forefficiently transmitting a signal in a specific frequency band (e.g.,unlicensed band) and an apparatus therefor.

Effects to be acquired in the present invention are not limited to theaforementioned effects, and other effects not described above will beapparently understood by those skilled in the art from the followingdisclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

In order to help understand the present invention, the accompanyingdrawings which are included as a part of the Detailed Descriptionprovide embodiments of the present invention and describe the technicalmatters of the present invention together with the Detailed Description.

FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3rd generationpartnership project (3GPP) system and a general signal transmittingmethod using the physical channels.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate one example of a radio frame structure usedin a wireless communication system.

FIG. 3 illustrates one example of a downlink (DL)/uplink (UL) slotstructure in the wireless communication system.

FIG. 4 illustrates a structure of a downlink subframe.

FIG. 5 illustrates a structure of an uplink subframe.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a diagram for describing single carriercommunication and multi-carrier communication.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example in which a cross carrier schedulingtechnique is applied.

FIG. 8 illustrates an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK(A/N)) transmitting process in a single cell situation.

FIG. 9 illustrates a licensed assisted access (LAA) service environment.

FIG. 10 illustrates a layout scenario of a user equipment and a basestation in an LAA service environment.

FIG. 11 illustrates a communication scheme that operates in anunlicensed band in the related art.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a listen-before-talk (LBT) processfor DLtransmission.

FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate DL transmission in an unlicensed band.

FIGS. 15 to 17B illustrate a DL transmission processing an unlicensedband according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 illustrates configurations of a user equipment and a basestation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE

Terms used in the specification adopt general terms which are currentlywidely used as possible by considering functions in the presentinvention, but the terms may be changed depending on an intention ofthose skilled in the art, customs, and emergence of new technology.Further, in a specific case, there is a term arbitrarily selected by anapplicant and in this case, a meaning thereof will be described in acorresponding description part of the invention. Accordingly, it intendsto be revealed that a term used in the specification should be analyzedbased on not just a name of the term but a substantial meaning of theterm and contents throughout the specification.

Throughout this specification and the claims that follow, when it isdescribed that an element is “coupled” to another element, the elementmay be “directly coupled” to the other element or “electrically coupled”to the other element through a third element. Further, unless explicitlydescribed to the contrary, the word “comprise” and variations such as“comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusionof stated elements but not the exclusion of any other elements.Moreover, limitations such as “equal to or more than” or “equal to orless than” based on a specific threshold may be appropriatelysubstituted with “more than” or “less than”, respectively in someexemplary embodiments.

The following technology may be used in various wireless access systems,such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier-FDMA(SC-FDMA), and the like. The CDMA may be implemented by a radiotechnology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) orCDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented by a radio technology such asglobal system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radioservice (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMAmay be implemented by a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi),IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and the like.The UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunication system(UMTS). 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution(LTE) is a part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using evolved-UMTSterrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) and LTE-advanced (A) is an evolvedversion of the 3GPP LTE. 3GPP LTE/LTE-A is primarily described for cleardescription, but technical spirit of the present invention is notlimited thereto.

FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and a generalsignal transmitting method using the physical channels. A user equipmentreceives information from a base station through downlink (DL) and theuser equipment transmits information through uplink (UL) to the basestation. The information transmitted/received between the base stationand the user equipment includes data and various control information andvarious physical channels exist according to a type/purpose of theinformation transmitted/received between the base station and the userequipment.

When a power of the user equipment is turned on or the user equipmentnewly enters a cell, the user equipment performs an initial cell searchoperation including synchronization with the base station, and the like(S301). To this end, the user equipment receives a primarysynchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondary synchronization channel(S-SCH) from the base station to synchronize with the base station andobtain information including a cell ID, and the like. Thereafter, theuser equipment receives a physical broadcast channel from the basestation to obtain intra-cell broadcast information. The user equipmentreceives a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in an initial cell searchstep to verify a downlink channel state.

The user equipment that completes initial cell search receives aphysical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) depending on information loaded on the PDCCH to obtainmore detailed system information (S302).

When there is no radio resource for initially accessing the base stationor signal transmission, the user equipment may perform a random accessprocedure (RACH procedure) to the base station (S303 to S306). To thisend, the user equipment may transmit a preamble through a physicalrandom access channel (PRACH) (S303) and receive a response message tothe preamble through the PDCCH and the PDSCH corresponding thereto(S304). In the case of a contention based RACH, a contention resolutionprocedure may be additionally performed.

Thereafter, the user equipment may receive the PDCCH/PDSCH (S307) andtransmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)/physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) (S308) as a general procedure. The userequipment receives downlink control information (DCI) through the PDCCH.The DCI includes control information such as resource allocationinformation to the user equipment and a format varies depending on a usepurpose. The control information which the user equipment transmits tothe base station is designated as uplink control information (UCI). TheUCI includes an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK), achannel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rankindicator (RI), and the like. The UCI may be transmitted through thePUSCH and/or PUCCH.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate one example of a radio frame structure usedin a wireless communication system. FIG. 2A illustrates a framestructure for frequency division duplex (FDD) and FIG. 2B illustrates aframe structure for time division duplex (TDD).

Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms(307200 Ts) and be constituted by 10 subframes (SFs). Ts represents asampling time and is expressed as Ts=1/(2048*15 kHz). Each subframe mayhave a length of 1 ms and be constituted by 2 slots. Each slot has alength of 0.5 ms. A time for transmitting one subframe is defined as atransmission time interval (TTI). A time resource may be distinguishedby radio frame numbers/indexes, subframe numbers/indexes #0 to #9, andslot numbers/indexes #0 to #19.

The radio frame may be configured differently according to a duplexmode. In an FDD mode, downlink transmission and uplink transmission aredistinguished by a frequency and the radio frame includes only one of adownlink subframe and an uplink subframe with respect to a specificfrequency band. In a TDD mode, the downlink transmission and the uplinktransmission are distinguished by a time and the radio frame includesboth the downlink subframe and the uplink subframe with respect to aspecific frequency band.

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a downlink/uplink slot.

Referring to FIG. 3, the slot includes a plurality of orthogonalfrequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a time domain and aplurality of resource blocks (RBs) in a frequency domain. The OFDMsymbol also means one symbol period. The OFDM symbol may be called anOFDMA symbol, a single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) symbol, or the like according to a multi-access scheme. Thenumber of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be variously modifiedaccording to the length of a cyclic prefix (CP). For example, in thecase of a normal CP, one slot includes 7 OFDM symbols and in the case ofan extended CP, one slot includes 6 OFDM symbols. The RB is defined asN^(DL/UL) _(symb) (e.g., 7) continuous OFDM symbols in the time domainand N^(RB) _(sc) (e.g., 12) continuous subcarriers in the frequencydomain. A resource constituted by one OFDM symbol and one subcarrier isreferred to as a resource element (RE) or a tone. One RB is constitutedby N^(DL/UL) _(symb)*N^(RB) _(sc) resource elements.

The resource of the slot may be expressed as a resource grid constitutedby N^(DL/UL) _(RB)*N^(RB) _(sc) subcarriers and N^(DL/UL) _(symb) OFDMsymbols. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely defined by an indexpair (k, 1) for each slot. k represents an index given with 0 toN^(DL/UL) _(RB)*N^(RB) _(sc)−1 in the frequency domain and I representsan index given with 0 to N^(DL/UL) _(symb)−1 in the time domain. Herein,N^(DL) _(RB) represents the number of resource blocks (RBs) in thedownlink slot and N^(UL) _(RB) represents the number of RBs in the ULslot. N^(DL) _(RB) and N^(UL) _(RB) depend on a DL transmissionbandwidth and a UL transmission bandwidth, respectively. N^(DL) _(symb)represents the number of symbols in the downlink slot and N^(UL) _(symb)represents the number of symbols in the UL slot. N^(RB) _(sc) representsthe number of subcarriers constituting one RB. One resource grid isprovided per antenna port.

FIG. 4 illustrates a structure of a downlink subframe.

Referring to FIG. 4, the subframe may be constituted by 14 OFDM symbols.First 1 to 3 (alternatively, 2 to 4) OFDM symbols are used as a controlregion and the remaining 13 to 11 (alternatively, 12 to 10) OFDM symbolsare used as a data region according to subframe setting. R1 to R4represent reference signals for antenna ports 0 to 3. Control channelsallocated to the control region include a physical control formatindicator channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel(PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and the like. Datachannels allocated to the data region include the PDSCH, and the like.When an enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH) is set, the PDSCH and the EPDCCH aremultiplexed by frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in the data region.

The PDCCH as the physical downlink control channel is allocated to firstn OFDM symbols of the subframe. n as an integer of 1 (alternatively, 2)or more is indicated by the PCFICH. The PDCCH announces informationassociated with resource allocation of a paging channel (PCH) and adownlink-shared channel (DL-SCH) as transmission channels, an uplinkscheduling grant, HARQ information, and the like to each user equipmentor user equipment group. Data (that is, transport block) of the PCH andthe DL-SCH are transmitted through the PDSCH. Each of the base stationand the user equipment generally transmit and receive data through thePDSCH except for specific control information or specific service data.

Information indicating to which user equipment (one or a plurality ofuser equipments) the data of the PDSCH is transmitted, informationindicating how the user equipments receive and decode the PDSCH data,and the like are transmitted while being included in the PDCCH/EPDCCH.For example, it is assumed that the PDCCH/EPDCCH is CRC-masked with aradio network temporary identity (RNTI) called “A” and informationregarding data transmitted by using a radio resource (e.g., frequencylocation) called “B” and a DCI format called “C”, that is, transmissionformat information (e.g., transport block size, modulation scheme,coding information, and the like) is transmitted through a specificsubframe. In this case, a user equipment in the cell monitors thePDCCH/EPDCCH by using the RNTI information thereof and when one or moreuser equipments having the “A” RNTI are provided, the user equipmentsreceive the PDCCH/EPDCCH and receive the PDSCH indicated by “B” and “C”through information on the received PDCCH/EPDCCH.

FIG. 5 illustrates a structure of an uplink subframe.

Referring to FIG. 5, the subframe may be divided into the control regionand the data region in the frequency domain. The PUCCH is allocated tothe control region and carries the UCI. The PUSCH is allocated to thedata region and carries user data.

The PUCCH may be used to transmit the following control information.

-   -   Scheduling Request (SR): Information used to request a UL-SCH        resource. The SR is transmitted by using an on-off keying (OOK)        scheme.    -   HARQ-ACK: Response to the PDCCH and/or response to a downlink        data packet (e.g., codeword) on the PDSCH. The codeword is an        encoded format of the transport block. The HARQ-ACK indicates        whether the PDCCH or PDSCH is successfully received. The        HARQ-ACK response includes a positive ACK (simply, ACK), a        negative ACK (NACK), discontinuous transmission (DTX), or the        NACK/DTX. The DTX represents a case in which the user equipment        misses the PDCCH (alternatively, semi-persistent scheduling        (SPS) PDSCH) and the NACK/DTX means the NACK or DTX. The        HARQ-ACK is mixedly used with the HARQ-ACK/NACK and the        ACK/NACK.    -   Channel State Information (CSI): Feed-back information regarding        the downlink channel. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)        related feed-back information includes the RI and the PMI.

Table 1 shows the relationship between a PUCCH format and the UCI.

TABLE 1 PUCCH Format Uplink control information (UCI) Format 1Scheduling request (SR) (non-modulated waveform) Format 1a 1-bit HARQACK/NACK (SR existence/non-existence) Format 1b 2-bit HARQ ACK/NACK (SRexistence/non-existence) Format 2 CSI (20 coded bits) Format 2 CSI and 1or 2-bit HARQ ACK/NACK (20 bits) (corresponding to only extended CP)Format 2a CSI and 1-bit HARQ ACK/NACK (20 + 1 coded bits) Format 2b CSIand 2-bit HARQ ACK/NACK (20 + 2 coded bits) Format 3 HARQ ACK/NACK + SR(48 coded bits) (LTE-A)

Hereinafter, carrier aggregation will be described. The carrieraggregation means a method in which the wireless communication systemuses a plurality of frequency blocks as one large logical frequency bandin order to use a wider frequency band. When a whole system band isextended by the carrier aggregation, a frequency band used forcommunication with each user equipment is defined by a component carrier(CC) unit.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a diagram for describing single carriercommunication and multi-carrier communication. FIG. 6A illustrates asubframe structure of a single carrier and FIG. 6B illustrates asubframe structure of multi-carriers which are carrier-aggregated.

Referring to FIG. 6A, in a single carrier system, the base station andthe user equipment perform data communication through one DL band andone UL band corresponding thereto. The DL/UL band is divided into aplurality of orthogonal subcarriers and each frequency band operates atone carrier frequency. In the FDD, the DL and UL bands operate atdifferent carrier frequencies, respectively and in the TDD, the DL andUL bands operate at the same carrier frequency. The carrier frequencymeans a center frequency of the frequency band.

Referring to FIG. 6B, the carrier aggregation is distinguished from anOFDM system that performs DL/UL communication in a base frequency banddivided into a plurality of subcarriers by using one carrier frequency,in that the carrier aggregation performs DL/UL communication by using aplurality of carrier frequencies. Referring to FIG. 6B, three 20 MHz CCsare gathered in each of the UL and the DL to support a bandwidth of 60MHz. The CCs may be adjacent to each other or non-adjacent to each otherin the frequency domain. For convenience, FIG. 6B illustrates a case inwhich a bandwidth of a UL CC and a bandwidth of a DL CC are the same aseach other and symmetric to each other, but the bandwidths of therespective CCs may be independently decided. Further, asymmetric carrieraggregation in which the number of UL CCs and the number of DL CCs aredifferent from each other is also available. The DL/UL CC(s) areindependently allocated/configured for each user equipment and the DL/ULCC(s) allocated/configured to the user equipment are designated asserving UL/DL CC(s) of the corresponding user equipment.

The base station may activate some or all of serving CCs of the userequipment or deactivate some CCs. When the base station allocates theCC(s) to the user equipment, if the CC allocation to the user equipmentis wholly reconfigured or if the user equipment does not hand over, atleast one specific CC among the CC(s) configured with respect to thecorresponding user equipment is not deactivated. A specific CC which isalways activated is referred to as a primary CC (PCC) and a CC which thebase station may arbitrarily activate/deactivate is referred to as asecondary CC (SCC). The PCC and the SCC may be distinguished based onthe control information. For example, specific control information maybe set to be transmitted/received only through a specific CC and thespecific CC may be referred to as the PCC and remaining CC(s) may bereferred to as SCC(s). The PUCCH is transmitted only on the PCC.

In 3GPP, a concept of the cell is used in order to manage the radioresource. The cell is defined as a combination of the DL resource andthe UL resource, that is, a combination of the DL CC and the UL CC. Thecell may be configured by the DL resource only or the combination of theDL resource and the UL resource. When the carrier aggregation issupported, a linkage between the carrier frequency of the DL resource(alternatively, DL CC) and the carrier frequency of the UL resource(alternatively, UL CC) may be indicated by system information. Forexample, the combination of the DL resource and the UL resource may beindicated by a system information block type 2 (SIB2) linkage. Thecarrier frequency means a center frequency of each cell or CC. A cellcorresponding to the PCC is referred to as the primary cell (PCell) anda cell corresponding to the SCC is referred to as the secondary cell(SCell). A carrier corresponding to the PCell is a DL PCC in thedownlink and a carrier corresponding to the PCell is a UL PCC in theuplink. Similarly, a carrier corresponding to the SCell is a DL SCC inthe downlink and a carrier corresponding to the SCell is a UL SCC in theuplink. According to a user equipment capability, the serving cell(s)may be constituted by one PCell and 0 or more SCells. For a userequipment which is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, but does not have anyconfiguration for the carrier aggregation or does not support thecarrier aggregation, only one serving cell constituted by only the PCellis present.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example in which cross carrier scheduling isapplied. When the cross carrier scheduling is configured, a controlchannel transmitted through a first CC may schedule a data channeltransmitted through the first CC or a second CC by using a carrierindicator field (CIF). The CIF is included in the DCI. In other words, ascheduling cell is configured, and a DL grant/UL grant transmitted in aPDCCH area of the scheduling cell schedules the PDSCH/PUSCH of ascheduled cell. That is, a search space for a plurality of componentcarriers is present in the PDCCH area of the scheduling cell. The PCellmay be basically the scheduling cell and a specific SCell may bedesignated as the scheduling cell by an upper layer.

In FIG. 7, it is assumed that three DL CCs are aggregated. Herein, DLcomponent carrier #0 is assumed as the DL PCC (alternatively, PCell) andDL component carrier #1 and DL component carrier #2 are assumed as theDL SCC (alternatively, SCell). Further, it is assumed that the DL PCC isset as a PDCCH monitoring CC. When the CIF is disabled, the respectiveDL CCs may transmit only the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH thereofwithout the CIF according to an LTE PDCCH rule (non-cross carrierscheduling or self-carrier scheduling). On the contrary, when the CIF isenabled by UE-specific (alternatively, UE-group-specific orcell-specific) upper layer signaling, a specific CC (e.g., DL PCC) maytransmit the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH of DL CC A and the PDCCHscheduling the PDSCH of another CC by using the CIF (cross-carrierscheduling). On the contrary, in another DL CC, the PDCCH is nottransmitted.

FIG. 8 illustrates an ACK/NACK (A/N) transmitting process in a singlecell situation. The ACK/NACK is fed back to (i) the PDSCH scheduled bythe PDCCH, (ii) the PDSCH (that is, SPS PDSCH) without the PDCCHcorresponding to the PDSCH, and (iii) the PDCCH indicating SPS release.In FIG. 8, a process of transmitting the ACK/NACK to (i) the PDSCH isillustrated. The PDCCH includes the EPDCCH.

Referring to FIG. 8, the user equipment receives the PDCCH(alternatively, EPDCCH) in subframe #n−k (S802) and receive the PDSCHindicated by the PDCCH in the same subframe (S804). The PDCCH transmitsthe scheduling information (that is, DL grant) and the PDSCH transmitsone or a plurality of (e.g., two) transport blocks (TBs) (alternatively,codeword (CW)) according to a transmission mode. Thereafter, the userequipment may transmit the ACK/NACK for the PDSCH (that is, transportblock) in subframe #n (S806). ACK/NACK 1 bit may be transmitted inresponse to a single transport block and ACK/NACK 2 bits may betransmitted in response to two transport blocks. The ACK/NACK isbasically transmitted through the PUCCH, but when the PUSCH istransmitted in subframe #n, the ACK/NACK may be transmitted through thePUSCH. k represents a time interval between the DL subframe and the ULsubframe. In the FDD, k=4 and in the TDD, k may be given by a downlinkassociation set index (DASI). The ACK/NACK means the HARQ-ACK. TheHARQ-ACK response includes ACK, NACK, DTX, and NACK/DTX.

When a plurality of cells are configured for the user equipment,ACK/NACK information may be transmitted by using PUCCH format 3 or achannel selection scheme based on PUCCH format 1b.

An ACK/NACK payload for PUCCH format 3 is configured for each cell andthereafter, concatenated according to a cell index order. The ACK/NACKpayload is configured with respect to all cells configured to the userequipment regardless of actual data transmission in each cell. Each bitin the ACK/NACK payload indicates HARQ-ACK feed-back for thecorresponding transport block (alternatively, codeword). The HARQ/ACKfeed-back indicates ACK or NACK, and DTX is processed as the NACK. TheNACK and the DTX have the same HARQ-ACK feed-back value. If necessary,the base station may distinguish the NACK and the DTX by usinginformation on the control channel which the base station transmits tothe user equipment.

The channel selection scheme based on the PUCCH format 1b may be set fortransmitting the ACK/NACK when two cells are aggregated. In the channelselection scheme based on the PUCCH format 1b, ACK/NACK responses to theplurality of transport blocks (alternatively, codewords) are identifiedby a combination of a PUCCH resource index and a bit value.

Table 2 shows mapping between HARQ-ACK(j) and the transport block (TB)of each cell in the channel selection scheme based on the PUCCH format1b. Tables 3 to 5 show mapping of ACK, NACK, DTX, and NACK/DTX when A=2to 4, respectively. The user equipment selects one PUCCH resourcecorresponding to an HARQ-ACK set from A PUCCH resources and transmits a2-bit value corresponding to the HARQ-ACK set by using the selectedPUCCH resource. The DTX is transmitted singly or as the NACK/DTX. Whenthe NACK/DTX is transmitted, if necessary, the base station maydistinguish the NACK and the DTX by using the information on the controlchannel which the base station transmits to the user equipment.

TABLE 2 HARQ-ACK(j) A HARQ-ACK(0) HARQ-ACK(1) HARQ-ACK(2) HARQ-ACK(3) 2TB1 PRIMARY CELL TB1 SECONDARY CELL NA NA 3 TB1 SERVING CELL1 TB2SERVING CELL1 TB1 SERVING CELL2 NA 4 TB1 PRIMARY CELL TB2 PRIMARY CELLTB1 SECONDARY CELL TB2 SECONDARY CELL

TABLE 3 HARQ-ACK(0) HARQ-ACK(1) n_(PUCCH) ⁽¹⁾ b(0)b(1) ACK ACKn_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 NACK/DTX ACKn_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 NACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 DTX NACK/DTXNO TRANSMISSION

TABLE 4 HARQ-ACK(0) HARQ-ACK(1) HARQ-ACK(2) n_(PUCCH) ⁽¹⁾ b(0)b(1) ACKACK ACK n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0NACK/DTX ACK ACK n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACKn_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACKNACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0 NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK n_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 NACKNACK/DTX DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 NACK/DTX NACK DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0,0 DTX DTX DTX NO TRANSMISSION

TABLE 5 HARQ-ACK(0) HARQ-ACK(1) HARQ-ACK(2) HARQ-ACK(3) n_(PUCCH) ⁽¹⁾b(0)b(1) ACK ACK ACK ACK n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK NACK/DTX ACK ACKn_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1 NACK/DTX ACK ACK ACK n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK ACK n_(PUCCH, 3) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK ACK ACK NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0 ACK NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0NACK/DTX ACK ACK NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 1) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACKNACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 3) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0 ACK ACK NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 1,1 ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH, 2) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0 NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTXACK n_(PUCCH, 3) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1 NACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTX ACK n_(PUCCH, 3)⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 ACK ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 1 ACK NACK/DTXNACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 1, 0 NACK/DTX ACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTXn_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 1 NACK/DTX NACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾0, 0 NACK NACK/DTX NACK/DTX NACK/DTX n_(PUCCH, 0) ⁽¹⁾ 0, 0 DTX DTXNACK/DTX NACK/DTX NO TRANSMISSION

Example: CWS Adjustment Scheme for Random Back-Off in Unlicensed Band

FIG. 9 illustrates a licensed assisted access (LAA) service environment.

Referring to FIG. 9, a service environment may be provided to a user, inthe service environment, an LTE technology (11) in a conventionallicensed band and LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LAA which is an LTEtechnology (12) in an unlicensed band, which has been actively discussedmay be connected to each other. For example, the LTE technology (11) inthe licensed band and the LTE technology (12) in the unlicensed band inthe LAA environment may be integrated by using a technology such ascarrier aggregation, or the like, which may contribute to extension of anetwork capacity. Further, in an asymmetric traffic structure in whichthe amount of downlink data is more than that of uplink data, the LAAmay provide an optimized LTE service according to various requirementsor environments. For convenience, the LTE technology in the licensed(alternatively, authorized or permitted) band is referred to asLTE-licensed (LTE-L) and the LTE technology in the unlicensed(alternatively, unauthorized, non-licensed, license-unnecessary) band isreferred to as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LAA.

FIG. 10 illustrates a layout scenario of a user equipment and a basestation in an LAA service environment. A frequency band targeted by theLAA service environment has a short wireless communication reachdistance due to a high-frequency characteristic. By considering this,the layout scenario of the user equipment and the base station in anenvironment in which the conventional LTE-L service and the LAA servicecoexist may be an overlay model and a co-located model.

In the overlay model, a macro base station may perform wirelesscommunication with an X UE and an X′ UE in a macro area (32) by using alicensed carrier and be connected with multiple radio remote heads(RRHs) through an X2 interface. Each RRH may perform wirelesscommunication with an X UE or an X′ UE in a predetermined area (31) byusing an unlicensed carrier. The frequency bands of the macro basestation and the RRH are different from each other not to interfere witheach other, but data needs to be rapidly exchanged between the macrobase station and the RRH through the X2 interface in order to use theLAA service as an auxiliary downlink channel of the LTE-L servicethrough the carrier aggregation.

In the co-located model, a pico/femto base station may perform thewireless communication with a Y UE by using both the licensed carrierand the unlicensed carrier. However, it may be limited that thepico/femto base station uses both the LTE-L service and the LAA serviceto downlink transmission. A coverage (33) of the LTE-L service and acoverage (34) of the LAA service may be different according to thefrequency band, transmission power, and the like.

When LTE communication is performed in the unlicensed band, conventionalequipments (e.g., wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) equipments) which performcommunication in the corresponding unlicensed band may not demodulate anLTE-U message or data and determine the LTE-U message or data as a kindof energy to perform an interference avoidance operation by an energydetection technique. That is, when energy corresponding to the LTE-Umessage or data is lower than −62 dBm or certain energy detection (ED)threshold value, the wireless LAN equipments may perform communicationby disregarding the corresponding message or data. As a result, thatuser equipment which performs the LTE communication in the unlicensedband may be frequently interfered by the wireless LAN equipments.

Therefore, a specific frequency band needs to be allocated or reservedfor a specific time in order to effectively implement an LTE-Utechnology/service. However, since peripheral equipments which performcommunication through the unlicensed band attempt access based on theenergy detection technique, there is a problem in that an efficientLTE-U service is difficult. Therefore, a research into a coexistencescheme with the conventional unlicensed band device and a scheme forefficiently sharing a radio channel needs to be preferentially made inorder to settle the LTE-U technology. That is, a robust coexistencemechanism in which the LTE-U device does not influence the conventionalunlicensed band device needs to be developed.

FIG. 11 illustrates a communication scheme (e.g., wireless LAN) thatoperates in an unlicensed band in the related art. Since most devicesthat operate in the unlicensed band operate based on listen-before-talk(LBT), a clear channel assessment (CCA) technique that senses a channelbefore data transmission is performed.

Referring to FIG. 11, a wireless LAN device (e.g., AP or STA) checkswhether the channel is busy by performing carrier sensing beforetransmitting data. When a predetermined strength or more of radio signalis sensed in a channel to transmit data, it is determined that thecorresponding channel is busy and the wireless LAN device delays theaccess to the corresponding channel. Such a process is referred to asclear channel evaluation and a signal level to decide whether the signalis sensed is referred to as a CCA threshold. Meanwhile, when the radiosignal is not sensed in the corresponding channel or a radio signalhaving a strength smaller than the CCA threshold is sensed, it isdetermined that the channel is idle.

When it is determined that the channel is idle, a terminal having datato be transmitted performs a back-off procedure after a defer period(e.g., arbitration interframe space (AIFS), PCF IFS (PIFS), or thelike). The defer period means a minimum time when the terminal needs towait after the channel is idle. The back-off procedure allows theterminal to further wait for a predetermined time after the deferperiod. For example, the terminal stands by while decreasing a slot timefor slot times corresponding to a random number allocated to theterminal in the contention window (CW) during the channel is in an idlestate, and a terminal that completely exhausts the slot time may attemptto access the corresponding channel.

When the terminal successfully accesses the channel, the terminal maytransmit data through the channel. When the data is successfullytransmitted, a CW size (CWS) is reset to an initial value (CWmin). Onthe contrary, when the data is unsuccessfully transmitted, the CWSincreases twice. As a result, the terminal is allocated with a newrandom number within a range which is twice larger than a previousrandom number range to perform the back-off procedure in a next CW. Inthe wireless LAN, only an ACK is defined as receiving responseinformation to the data transmission. Therefore, when the ACK isreceived with respect to the data transmission, the CWS is reset to theinitial value and when feed-back information is not received withrespect to the data transmission, the CWS increases twice.

As described above, since most communications in the unlicensed band inthe related art operate based on the LBT, the LTE also considers the LBTin the LAA for coexistence with the conventional device. In detail, inthe LTE, the channel access method on the unlicensed band may be dividedinto 4 following categories according to the presence/an applicationscheme of the LBT.

-   -   Category 1: No LBT        -   An LBT procedure by a Tx entity is not performed.    -   Category 2: LBT without random back-off        -   A time interval in which the channel needs to be sensed in            an idle state before the Tx entity performs a transmission            on the channel is decided. The random back-off is not            performed.    -   Category 3: LBT with random back-off with a CW of fixed size        -   LBT method that performs random back-off by using a CW of a            fixed size. The Tx entity has a random number N in the CW            and the CW size is defined by a minimum/maximum value of N.            The CW size is fixed. The random number N is used to decide            the time interval in which the channel needs to be sensed in            an idle state before the Tx entity performs a transmission            on the channel.    -   Category 4: LBT with random back-off with a CW of variable size        -   LBT method that performs the random back-off by using a CW            of a variable size. The Tx entity has the random number N in            the CW and the CW size is defined by the minimum/maximum            value of N. The Tx entity may change the CW size at the time            of generating the random number N. The random number N is            used to decide the time interval in which the channel needs            to be sensed in an idle state before the Tx entity performs            a transmission on the channel.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a DL transmission process based on thecategory 4 LBT. The category 4 LBT may be used to guarantee fair channelaccess with Wi-Fi. Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the LBT processincludes initial CCA (ICCA) and extended CCA (ECCA). In the ICCA, therandom back-off is not performed and in the ECCA, the random back-off isperformed by using the CW of the variable size. The ICCA is applied tothe case in which the channel is idle when signal transmission isrequired and the ECCA is applied to the case in which the channel isbusy when the signal transmission is required or DL transmission isperformed just before.

Referring to FIG. 12, a signal transmitting process may be performed asfollows.

Initial CCA

-   -   S1202: The base station verifies that the channel is idle.    -   S1204: The base station verifies whether the signal transmission        is required. When the signal transmission is not required, the        process returns to S1202 and when the signal transmission is        required, the process proceeds to S1206.    -   S1206: The base station verifies whether the channel is idle for        an ICCA defer period (B_(CCA)). The ICCA defer period is        configurable. As an implementation example, the ICCA defer        period may be constituted by an interval of 16 μs and n        consecutive CCA slots. Herein, n may be a positive integer and        one CCA slot interval may be 9 μs. The number of CCA slots may        be configured differently according to a QoS class. The ICCA        defer period may be set to an appropriate value by considering a        defer period (e.g., DIFS or AIFS) of Wi-Fi. For example, the        ICCA defer period may be 34 us. When the channel is idle for the        ICCA defer period, the base station may perform the signal        transmitting process (S1208). When it is determined that the        channel is busy during the ICCA defer period, the process        proceeds to S1212 (ECCA).    -   S1208: The base station may perform the signal transmitting        process. When the signal transmission is not performed, the        process proceeds to S1202 (ICCA) and when the signal        transmission is performed, the process proceeds to S1210. Even        in the case where a back-off counter N reaches 0 in S1218 and        S1208 is performed, when the signal transmission is not        performed, the process proceeds to S1202 (ICCA) and when the        signal transmission is performed, the process proceeds to S1210.    -   S1210: When additional signal transmission is not required, the        process proceeds to S1202 (ICCA) and when the additional signal        transmission is required, the process proceeds to S1212 (ECCA).

Extended CCA

-   -   S1212: The base station generates the random number N in the CW.        N is used as a counter during the back-off process and generated        from [0, q−1]. The CW may be constituted by q ECCA slots and an        ECCA slot size may be 9 μs or 10 μs. The CW size (CWS) may be        defined as q and be variable in S1214. Thereafter, the base        station proceeds to S1216.    -   S1214: The base station may update the CWS. The CWS q may be        updated to a value between X and Y. The X and Y values are        configurable parameters. CWS update/adjustment may be performed        whenever N is generated (dynamic back-off) and semi-statically        performed at a predetermined time interval (semi-static        back-off). The CWS may be updated/adjusted based on exponential        back-off or binary back-off. That is, the CWS may be        updated/adjusted in the form of the square of 2 or the multiple        of 2. In association with PDSCH transmission, the CWS may be        updated/adjusted based on feed-back/report (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK)        of the user equipment or updated/adjusted based on base station        sensing.    -   S1216: The base station verifies whether the channel is idle for        an ECCA defer period (DeCCA). The ECCA defer period is        configurable. As an implementation example, the ECCA defer        period may be constituted by an interval of 16 μs and n        consecutive CCA slots. Herein, n may be a positive integer and        one CCA slot interval may be 9 μs. The number of CCA slots may        be configured differently according to the QoS class. The ECCA        defer period may be set to the appropriate value by considering        the defer period (e.g., DIFS or AIFS) of Wi-Fi. For example, the        ECCA defer period may be 34 us. When the channel is idle for the        ECCA defer period, the base station proceeds to S1218. When it        is determined that the channel is busy during the ECCA defer        period, the base station repeats S1216.    -   S1218: The base station verifies whether N is 0. When N is 0,        the base station may perform the signal transmitting process        (S1208). In this case, (N=0), the base station may not        immediately perform transmission and performs CCA check for at        least one slot to continue the ECCA process. When N is not 0        (that is, N>0), the process proceeds to S1220.    -   S1220: The base station senses the channel during one ECCA slot        interval (T). The ECCA slot size may be 9 μs or 10 μs and an        actual sensing time may be at least 4 μs.    -   S1222: When it is determined that the channel is idle, the        process proceeds to S1224. When it is determined that the        channel is busy, the process returns to S1216. That is, one ECCA        defer period is applied again after the channel is idle and N is        not counted during the ECCA defer period.    -   S1224: N is decreased by 1 (ECCA countdown).

FIG. 13 is substantially the same as/similar to the transmitting processof FIG. 12 and is different from FIG. 12 according to an implementationscheme. Therefore, detailed matters may be described with reference tocontents of FIG. 12.

-   -   S1302: The base station verifies whether the signal transmission        is required. When the signal transmission is not required, S1302        is repeated and when the signal transmission is required, the        process proceeds to S1304.    -   S1304: The base station verifies whether the slot is idle. When        the slot is idle, the process proceeds to S1306 and when the        slot is busy, the process proceeds to S1312 (ECCA). The slot may        correspond to the CCA slot in FIG. 12.    -   S1306: The base station verifies whether the channel is idle for        a defer period (D). D may correspond to the ICCA defer period in        FIG. 12. When the channel is idle for the defer period, the base        station may perform the signal transmitting process (S1308).        When it is determined that the channel is busy during the defer        period, the process proceeds to S1304.    -   S1308: The base station may perform the signal transmitting        process if necessary.    -   S1310: When the signal transmission is not performed, the        process proceeds to S1302 (ICCA) and when the signal        transmission is performed, the process proceeds to S1312 (ECCA).        Even in the case where the back-off counter N reaches 0 in S1318        and S1308 is performed, when the signal transmission is not        performed, the process proceeds to S1302 (ICCA) and when the        signal transmission is performed, the process proceeds to S1312        (ECCA).

Extended CCA

-   -   S1312: The base station generates the random number N in the CW.        N is used as the counter during the back-off process and        generated from [0, q−1]. The CW size (CWS) may be defined as q        and be variable in S1314. Thereafter, the base station proceeds        to S1316.    -   S1314: The base station may update the CWS. The CWS q may be        updated to the value between X and Y. The X and Y values are        configurable parameters. CWS update/adjustment may be performed        whenever N is generated (dynamic back-off) and semi-statically        performed at a predetermined time interval (semi-static        back-off). The CWS may be updated/adjusted based on exponential        back-off or binary back-off. That is, the CWS may be        updated/adjusted in the form of the square of 2 or the multiple        of 2. In association with PDSCH transmission, the CWS may be        updated/adjusted based on feed-back/report (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK)        of the user equipment or updated/adjusted based on base station        sensing.    -   S1316: The base station verifies whether the channel is idle for        the defer period (D). D may correspond to the ECCA defer period        in FIG. 12. D in S1306 and D in S1316 may be the same as each        other. When the channel is idle for the defer period, the base        station proceeds to S1318. When it is determined that the        channel is busy during the defer period, the base station        repeats S1316.    -   S1318: The base station verifies whether N is 0. When N is 0,        the base station may perform the signal transmitting process        (S1308). In this case, (N=0), the base station may not        immediately perform transmission and performs CCA check during        at least one slot to continue the ECCA process. When N is not 0        (that is, N>0), the process proceeds to S1320.    -   S1320: The base station selects one of an operation of        decreasing N by 1 (ECCA count-down) and an operation of not        decreasing N (self-defer). The self-defer operation may be        performed according to implementation/selection of the base        station and the base station does not perform sensing for energy        detection and not perform even ECCA countdown in the self-defer.    -   S1322: The base station may select one of the operation not        performing sensing for energy detection and the energy detecting        operation. When the sensing for the energy detection is not        performed, the process proceeds to S1324. When the energy        detecting operation is performed, if an energy level is equal to        or lower than an energy detection threshold (that is, idle), the        process proceeds to S1324. If the energy level is higher than        the energy detection threshold (that is, busy), the process        returns to S1316. That is, one defer period is applied again        after the channel is idle and N is not counted during the defer        period.    -   S1324: The process proceeds to S1318.

FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate an example in which a base station performsDL transmission in an unlicensed band. The base station may aggregatecells (for convenience, LTE-L cell) of one or more licensed bands andcells (for convenience, LTE-U cell) of one or more unlicensed bands. InFIGS. 14A and 14B, a case in which one LTE-L cell and one LTE-U cell areaggregated for communication with the user equipment is assumed. TheLTE-L cell may be the PCell and the LTE-U cell may be the SCell. In theLTE-L cell, the base station may exclusively use the frequency resourceand perform an operation depending on LTE in the related art. Therefore,all of the radio frames may be constituted by regular subframes (rSF)having a length of 1 ms (see FIGS. 2A and 2B) and the DL transmission(e.g., PDCCH and PDSCH) may be performed every subframe (see FIG. 1).Meanwhile, in the LTE-U cell, the DL transmission is performed based onthe LBT for coexistence with the conventional device (e.g., Wi-Fidevice). Further, a specific frequency band needs to be allocated orreserved for a specific time in order to effectively implement the LTE-Utechnology/service. Therefore, in the LTE-U cell, the DL transmissionmay be performed through a set of one or more consecutive subframes (DLtransmission burst) after the LBT. The DL transmission burst may startas the regular subframe (rSF) or a partial subframe (pSF) according toan LBT situation. pSF may be a part of the subframe and may include asecond slot of the subframe. Further, the DL transmission burst may endas rSF or pSF.

Hereinafter, a method for adaptively adjusting the CWS in channel accessin the unlicensed band will be proposed. The CWS may be adjusted basedon user equipment (UE) feed-back and the UE feedback used for the CWSadjustment may include an HARQ-ACK response and a CQI/PMI/RI. Thepresent invention proposes a method for adaptively controlling the CWSbased on the HARQ-ACK response. The HARQ-ACK response includes ACK,NACK, and DTX.

For reference, as described with reference to FIG. 11, even in Wi-Fi,the CWS is adjusted based on the ACK. When the ACK is fed back, the CWSis reset to the minimum value (CWmin) and when the ACK is not fed back,the CWS increases. However, since the Wi-Fi is a peer-to-peer (1:1)system, while a cellular system (e.g., LTE) is a multi-access system, itis inefficient to apply a Wi-Fi method as it is and a CWS adjustingmethod considering multiple-access is required.

First, terms are defined as described below in order to describe thepresent invention.

-   -   Set of HARQ-ACK feedback values (HARQ-ACK feedback set): It        means HARQ-ACK feedback value(s) used for updating/adjusting the        CWS. The HARQ-ACK feedback set corresponds to HARQ-ACK feedback        value(s) that is decoded and usable at a time when the CWS is        decided. The HARQ-ACK feedback set includes HARQ-ACK feedback        value(s) for one or more DL (channel) transmission (e.g., PDSCH)        on the unlicensed band (e.g., LTE-U cell). The HARQ-ACK feedback        set may include HARQ-ACK feedback value(s) for the DL (channel)        transmission (e.g., PDSCH), for example, a plurality of HARQ-ACK        feedback values fed back from a plurality of user equipments.        The HARQ-ACK feedback value may represent receiving response        information for the transport block or PDSCH, and represent ACK,        NACK, DTX, and NACK/DTX. According to a context, the HARQ-ACK        feedback value may be used mixedly with the HARQ-ACK        value/bit/response/information, and the like.    -   Reference window: It means a time interval at which the DL        transmission (e.g., PDSCH) corresponding to the HARQ/ACK        feedback set is performed in the unlicensed band (e.g., LTE-U        cell). The reference window may be defined by the unit of SF.        The reference window will be described/proposed below in more        detail.

In the LTE, according to the HARQ-ACK feedback scheme or a PUCCH format,an HARQ-ACK value may represent only ACK and NACK or further representDTX. For example, when PUCCH format 3 is configured as the HARQ-ACKfeedback method, the HARQ-ACK value may represent only ACK and NACK. Onthe contrary, when a channel selection scheme using PUCCH format 1b isconfigured as the HARQ-ACK feedback method, the HARQ-ACK value mayrepresent ACK, NACK, DTX, and NACK/DTX.

Therefore, in the present invention, a case in which only ACK and e NACKare considered as the HARQ-ACK response, and a case in which the DTX isfurther considered as the HARQ-ACK response are separately described.Basic matters are common to each other.

Case 1, the case of considering only ACK and NACK in response toHARQ-ACK HARQ-ACK

The following methods may be considered as a method of adjusting the CWSbased on the HARQ-ACK feedback set. Options 1 to 3 and Alts 1 to 3 maybe combined.

-   -   Option 1: If HARQ-ACK feedback values for the reference window        all are determined as the NACK, the CWS is increased, and if not        (that is, if at least one ACK is present), the CWS may be reset        to a minimum value.    -   Option 2: If at least one of the HARQ-ACK feedback values for        the reference window is determined as the NACK, the CWS is        increased, and if not (that is, if all of the values are the        ACKs), the CWS may be reset to a minimum value.    -   Option 3: If among the HARQ-ACK feedback values for the        reference window, the NACK is determined as at least Z %        (0<Z<100), the CWS is increased, and if not, the CWS may be        reset to a minimum value. As an example, Z may be 50 or 80. That        is, if the ratio (hereinafter, referred to as Y %) of the NACK        in the HARQ-ACK feedback is equal to or more than a reference        value, the CWS is increased, and when the ratio of NACK is less        than the reference value, the CWS may be reset to the minimum        value. The reference value may be 0<reference value<1, or        0%<reference value<100% according to a unit. Equally, if among        the HARQ-ACK feedback values for the reference window, the ACK        is determined as a value less than P % (X=100-Z), the CWS is        increased, and if not, the CWS may be reset to a minimum value.        As an example, P may be 20 or 50.

When the CWS is increased, the CWS may be increased two times, increasedexponentially between a minimum value CW_min and a maximum value CW_max,or increased to the maximum value.

Additionally, when at least one of the following conditions issatisfied, the CWS may be reset to CW_min.

-   -   Alt 1: A case where the maximum CWS, CW_max is used for K        continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2, and 3, or        may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base station.    -   Alt 2: A case where there is no DL transmission by the base        station for at least T period. T is a pre-determined value or a        configurable value.    -   Alt 3: A case where the maximum HARQ retransmission is used in K        continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2, and 3, or        may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base station.

The reference window may be (1) a single subframe, (2) multi (forexample, two) subframes, or (3) all subframes where the HARQ-ACKfeedback is usable, in the last DL transmission burst (that is, thelatest DL transmission burst on the unlicensed band).

Herein, the (1) single subframe may be the first or last subframe of thelast DL transmission burst. The single subframe may be a regularsubframe rSF or a partial subframe pSF. However, in the partialsubframe, the number of user equipments which may be served by the basestation is limited. Accordingly, when the first or last subframe of thelast DL transmission burst is the partial subframe, the base station mayefficiently adjust the CWS according to channel collision orinterference by defining a HARQ-ACK feedback set based on the HARQ-ACKfeedback value of the user equipment(s) corresponding to the regularsubframe. For example, when the first or last subframe of the last DLtransmission burst is the partial subframe, the reference window may bethe multiple subframes.

Herein, the (2) multi subframes may be a first multiple subframe or thelast multiple subframe in the last DL transmission burst. For example,when the number of multiple subframes is two, the multiple subframes maybe first two subframes of the last DL transmission burst, that is, (1stsubframe) the partial subframe or the regular subframe and (2ndsubframe) the regular subframe. Further, the multiple subframes may bethe last two subframes, that is, (1st subframe) the regular subframe and(2nd subframe) the partial subframe or the regular subframe.

Case 2-1: Case of Additionally Considering DTX as HARQ-ACK Response

Hereinafter, a method of adjusting the CWS by considering ACK, NACK, andDTX, as the HARQ-ACK response transmitted from the user equipment, willbe described. In self-carrier scheduling, that is, in the case where theDL transmission (for example, the PDSCH) for the carrier in theunlicensed band is performed through a control channel (for example,(E)PDCCH) transmitted on the same unlicensed band carrier, the HARQfeedback which may be transmitted by the user equipment with respect tothe DL transmission of the unlicensed band may include ACK, NACK, DTXand NACK/DTX. Herein, since the DTX corresponds to a case where the DLtransmission is unsuccessful by a hidden node and the like in theunlicensed band carrier, the DTX may be used for CWS adjustment togetherwith the NACK. Further, the DTX is one of methods in which the userequipment notifies a case where the user equipment may not decode thecorresponding control channel to the base station even though the basestation transmits the control channel (for example, the (E)PDCCH)including scheduling information to the user equipment. The DTX may bedetermined only by the HARQ-ACK feedback value or determined byconsidering the HARQ-ACK feedback value and an actual schedulingsituation. For convenience, a self-carrier scheduling operation isassumed.

The following methods may be considered as a method of adjusting the CWSbased on the HARQ-ACK feedback set. Methods A-1 to A-4 and methods B-1to B-3 may be combined.

-   -   Method A-1: In the case where all of the HARQ-ACK feedback        values for the reference window are NACK, all of the HARQ-ACK        feedback values are determined as DTX, or all of the HARQ-ACK        feedback values are NACK/DTX, the CWS is increased, and if not        (that is, if at least one ACK is present), the CWS may be reset        to a minimum value.    -   Method A-2: If at least one of the HARQ-ACK feedback values for        the reference window is determined as the NACK, the DTX or the        NACK/DTX, the CWS is increased, and if not (that is, if all of        the values are the ACKs), the CWS may be reset to a minimum        value.    -   Method A-3: If among the HARQ-ACK feedback values for the        reference window, NACK or DTX is determined as at least Z %        (0<Z<100), the CWS is increased, and if not, the CWS may be        reset to a minimum value. As an example, Z may be 50 or 80.        Herein, the NACK or the DTX of at least Z % means that either        the NACK or the DTX is added, i.e., a sum of NACK, DTX and        NACK/DTX, to become at least Z %. That is, NACK/DTX and DTX may        be treated equally with NACK. Accordingly, if a ratio        (hereinafter, referred to as Y %) of NACK or DTX in the HARQ-ACK        feedback is equal to or more than a reference value, the CWS is        increased, and when the ratio of NACK orDTX is less than the        reference value, the CWS may be reset to the minimum value. The        reference value may be 0<reference value<1, or 0%<reference        value<100% according to a unit. Equally, if among the HARQ-ACK        feedback values for the reference window, the ACK is determined        as a value less than P % (X=100−Z), the CWS is increased, and if        not, the CWS may be reset to a minimum value. As an example, P        may be 20 or 50.    -   Method A-4: In the case where all of the HARQ-ACK feedback        values for the reference window are determined as the DTX, the        base station increases the CWS by considering that all of the        control channels PDCCH/EPDCCH are not received by the user        equipment or the decoding of both the PDCCH and the EPDCCH is        unsuccessful by interference of other nodes, and if not (that        is, in the case where all of the HARQ-ACK feedback values are        not determined as the DTX), the CWS may be adjusted according to        the methods A-1 to A-3.

When the CWS is increased, the CWS may be increased two times, increasedexponentially between a minimum value CW_min and a maximum value CW_max,or increased to the maximum value.

Additionally, when at least one of the following conditions issatisfied, the CWS may be reset to CW_min.

-   -   Method B-1: A case where the maximum CWS CW max is used for K        continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2, and 3, or        may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base station.    -   Method B-2: A case where there is no DL transmission by the base        station for at least T period. T is a pre-determined value or a        configurable value.    -   Method B-3: A case where the maximum HARQ retransmission is used        within K continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2,        and 3, or may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base        station.

The reference window may be (1) a single subframe, (2) multi (forexample, two) subframes, or (3) all subframes where the HARQ-ACKfeedback is usable in the last DL transmission burst (that is, thelatest DL transmission burst on the unlicensed band). The detailedcontents may refer to the contents described in Case 1.

Case 2-2: Case of Additionally Considering DTX as HARQ-ACK Response

Hereinafter, another example of the method of adjusting the CWS byconsidering ACK, NACK, and DTX, as the HARQ-ACK response transmittedfrom the user equipment, will be described. In self-carrier scheduling,that is, in the case where the DL transmission (for example, the PDSCH)for the carrier in the unlicensed band is performed through a controlchannel (for example, (E)PDCCH) transmitted on the same unlicensed bandcarrier, the HARQ feedback which may be transmitted by the userequipment with respect to the DL transmission in the unlicensed band mayinclude ACK, NACK, DTX and NACK/DTX. Herein, since the DTX correspondsto a case where the DL transmission is unsuccessful by a hidden node andthe like in the unlicensed band carrier, the DTX may be used for CWSadjustment together with the NACK. Further, the DTX disclosed herein isone of methods in which the user equipment notifies a case where theuser equipment does not decode the corresponding control channel to thebase station even though the base station transmits the control channel(for example, the (E)PDCCH) including scheduling information to the userequipment. The DTX may be determined only by the HARQ-ACK feedback valueor determined by considering the HARQ-ACK feedback value and an actualscheduling situation. For convenience, a self-carrier schedulingoperation is assumed.

The following methods may be considered as a method of adjusting the CWSbased on the HARQ-ACK feedback set. Methods C-1 and C-2 and methods D-1to D-3 may be combined.

-   -   Method C-1: In the case where there is the DTX in the HARQ-ACK        feedback values for the reference window, a weight value may be        applied to the DTX when calculating Y % based on the NACK or the        DTX, as the HARQ-ACK feedback, according to the method A-3 of        the present invention. In the case where the base station may        distinguish the NACK and the DTX and in the case where the user        equipment feedbacks the DTX even though the base station        transmits a PDSCH related with a control channel PDCCH/EPDCCH,        the base station may know that the corresponding user equipment        does not receive the control channel PDCCH/EPDCCH. In this case,        the base station may recognize that there is a possibility that        an interference or hidden node and the like occurs in the        corresponding channel. Accordingly, when receiving the DTX from        the user equipment, the base station may calculate Y % by        applying the weight value to the DTX in order to more positively        solve the problem generated by the interference or hidden node        on the channel. Further, when the NACK/DTX is included in the        HARQ-ACK feedback values within the reference window, the base        station may apply the methods of the present invention by        considering the NACK/DTX as the NACK. Unlike this, when the user        equipment feedbacks the NACK/DTX to the base station, it is        meaningful that the user equipment notifies to the base station        that the HARQ-ACK feedback values may be the DTX. Accordingly,        when the NACK/DTX is fed back from the user equipment, the base        station may calculate Y % by applying the weight value to the        NACK/DTX in the HARQ-ACK feedback set. Values considered as the        HARQ-ACK feedback may be ACK, NACK, NACK/DTX, and DTX. As        described in the present invention, Y % for adjusting the CWS        may be calculated by considering different weight values for the        NACK, the NACK/DTX, and the DTX except for the ACK.

Equation 1 represents one example of the method C-1. The method may besimilarly expressed by another equation and is not limited by thefollowing Equation.

Y%={W_A*Pr(A)+W_B*Pr(B)+W_C*Pr(C)}*100,  [Equation 1]

Herein, Pr(A) represents a probability of the NACK in the referencewindow, that is, Pr(A)=the number of NACKs/the total number of usableHARQ-ACK feedbacks in the reference window. Herein, Pr(B) represents aprobability of the NACK/DTX in the reference window, that is, Pr(B)=thenumber of NACK/DTXs/the total number of usable HARQ-ACK feedbacks in thereference window. Herein, Pr(C) represents a probability of the NACK/DTXin the reference window, that is, Pr(C)=the number of DTXs/the totalnumber of usable HARQ-ACK feedbacks in the reference window. W_A means aweight value for the NACK, W_B means a weight value for the NACK/DTX,and W_C means a weight value for the DTX.

First, W_A=W_B=W_C is a case where the NACK, the NACK/DTX, and the DTXare calculated with the same weight value in the HARQ-ACK feedback setwhen calculating Y %. W_A<W_B=W_C is a case where the NACK/DTX and theDTX are calculated with a larger weight value than that of the NACK andthe NACK/DTX and the DTX are calculated with the same weight value inthe HARQ-ACK feedback set when calculating Y %. W_A=W_B<W_C is a casewhere the NACK and the NACK/DTX are calculated with the same weightvalue and the DTX is calculated with a larger weight value in theHARQ-ACK feedback set when calculating Y %. W_A<W_B=W_C is a case wherethe NACK/DTX is calculated with a larger weight value than the NACK andthe DTX is calculated with a larger weight value than the NACK/DTX inthe HARQ-ACK feedback set when calculating Y %.

-   -   When the calculated Y % is at least Z %, the CWS is increased,        and if not, the CWS may be reset to a minimum value. Herein, Z %        is a reference value which may be set in the base station (for        example, 0<Z<100). For example, Z may be 50 or 80.    -   Method C-2: When there is at least one DTX feedback for the        reference window, the CWS may be increased. The method is a        method of overriding to the option-3 or the method A-3. If not        (that is, No DTX), the CWS may be adjusted according to the        option-3 or the method A-3. Since the DTX represents that the        user equipment does not receive the control channel PDCCH/EPDCCH        on the unlicensed band due to the interference or hidden node in        the same channel, the base station may increase the CWS as the        method for solving the problem.

When the CWS is increased, the CWS may be increased two times, increasedexponentially between a minimum value CW_min and a maximum value CW_max,or increased to the maximum value.

Additionally, when at least one of the following conditions issatisfied, the CWS may be reset to CW_min.

-   -   Method D-1: A case where the maximum CWS CW max is used for K        continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2, and 3, or        may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base station.    -   Method D-2: A case where there is no DL transmission by the base        station for at least T period. T is a pre-determined value or a        settable value.    -   Method D-3: A case where the maximum HARQ retransmission is used        in K continuous ECCAs. Herein, K is fixed to one of 1, 2, and 3,        or may be selected within {1, . . . , 8} by the base station.

The reference window may be (1) a single subframe, (2) multi (forexample, two) subframes, or (3) all subframes where the HARQ-ACKfeedback is usable in the last DL transmission burst (that is, thelatest DL transmission burst on the unlicensed band). The detailedcontents may refer to the contents described in Case 1.

Cases 2-1 and 2-2 may be differently applied as described belowaccording to whether the scheduling cell is a LTE-L cell or a LTE-U cellin the cross-carrier scheduling.

-   -   In the case where the DL transmission transmitted in the        unlicensed carrier is cross-carrier scheduled from a different        unlicensed band (that is, an unlicensed carrier, an unlicensed        band cell, and an LTE-U cell), the CWS may be adjusted by using        the same method as the self-carrier scheduling. The reason is        that since the control channels (e.g., the PDCCH/EPDDCH) are        transmitted in the unlicensed carrier, the determination of the        base station based on the HARQ-ACK response(s) (ACK, NACK, DTX        and NACK/DTX) may be equally performed with the case of the        self-carrier scheduling.    -   In the case where the DL transmission transmitted in the        unlicensed carrier is cross-carrier scheduled from a licensed        band (that is, a licensed carrier, a licensed band cell, and an        LTE-L cell), the PDCCH/EPDCCH which are the control channels        scheduling the DL transmission is transmitted in the licensed        band. In this case, since the DTX feedback is used to determine        a decoding situation of the user equipment for the control        channel transmitted on the licensed band, it doesn't help        adaptively adjusting the CWS for channel access in the        unlicensed band. Accordingly, in the cross-carrier scheduling        from the licensed band, the method of adjusting the CWS        considering the DTX is set not to be used, and the CWS may be        adjusted by considering only the ACK and the NACK as the        HARQ-ACK response(s) for the DL transmission (for example,        PDSCH) on the unlicensed band.

Or the CWS may be adjusted by considering only the ACK, the NACK and theNACK/DTX as the HARQ-ACK response(s) for the DL transmission (forexample, PDSCH) on the unlicensed band. For example, the DTX as theHARQ-ARQ response due to the cross-carrier scheduling from the licensedband may be excluded in the process of applying the cases 1, 2-1, and2-2. In detail, in the option 3 and the method A-3, the DTX as theHARQ-ARQ response due to the cross-carrier scheduling from the licensedband may be excluded when calculating Z %. That is, in the HARQ-ACKfeedback set, only the ACK and the NACK are selected to calculate Z % oronly the ACK, the NACK and the NACK/DTX are selected to calculate Z %.

FIGS. 15 to 17B illustrate a signal transmitting process according to anexample of the present invention. FIG. 15 illustrates a method foradjusting a CWS according to case 1 and FIGS. 16A to 17B illustrate areference window for generating an HARQ-ACK feedback set. Cases 2-1 and2-2 may be similarly performed.

Referring to FIG. 15, the base station may transmit an n-th DLtransmission burst in the unlicensed band (e.g., LTE-U cell) (S1502) andthereafter, transmit an (n+1)-th DL transmission burst based on the ECCAwhen additional DL transmission is required (S1512). In detail, the basestation additionally performs the random back-off in the CW when thechannel in the unlicensed band is idle during the ECCA defer period(S1510). The base station may generate a random number N in the CW(e.g., [0, q−1]) (S1508) and perform the back-off as long as slotscorresponding to the random number N (S1510). In the present invention,the CWS is adaptively varied based on the HARQ-ACK feedback values fromuser equipments (S1506). The HARQ-ACK feedback values used for adjustingthe CWS include HARQ-ACK feedback values for a most recent DLtransmission burst (n-th DL transmission burst). The HARQ-ACK feedbackvalues used for adjusting the CWS include HARQ-ACK feedback values forthe DL transmission on the reference window in the DL transmission burst(S1504).

When case 1 is applied, the CWS may be adjusted as follows based on theHARQ-ACK feedback values. Cases 2-1 and 2-2 may be similarly applied.

-   -   Option 1: When all of the HARQ-ACK feedback values for the        reference window are NACK, the CWS is increased and if not, the        CWS is reset to the minimum value.    -   Option 2: When at least one of the HARQ-ACK feedback values for        the reference window is the NACK, the CWS is increased and if        not, the CWS is reset to the minimum value.    -   Option 3: When the NACK among the HARQ-ACK feedback values for        the reference window is at least Z % (0<Z<100), the CWS is        increased and when the NACK is not at least Z %, the CWS is        reset to the minimum value.

When the CWS is increased, the CWS may be increased twice, exponentiallyincreased between the minimum value (CW_min) and a maximum value(CW_max), or increased to the maximum value.

Referring to FIGS. 16A to 17B, the reference window may be constitutedby start subframe(s) (FIGS. 16A and 16B) and last subframe(s) (FIGS. 17Aand 17B) of the most recent DL transmission burst (n-th DL transmissionburst). When the reference window is positioned at the start of the DLtransmission burst, the reference window may be constituted by (i) oneregular subframe and (ii) one partial subframe and one regular subframe.Further, when the reference window is positioned at the end of the DLtransmission burst, the reference window may be constituted by (i) oneregular subframe and (ii) one regular subframe and one sub subframe.

In the present invention, it is assumed that the HARQ-ACK responsetransmitted from the user equipment is transmitted through the PUCCH orPUSCH on the PCell in the licensed band. When uplink transmission on theunlicensed band is permitted, the present invention may be applied evento the case in which the HARQ-ACK response is transmitted through thePUCCH or PUSCH on the unlicensed band.

FIG. 18 illustrates configurations of a user equipment and a basestation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.In the present invention, the user equipment may be implemented byvarious types of wireless communication devices or computing devices ofwhich portability and mobility are guaranteed. The user equipment (UE)may be referred to as terminal, a station (STA), a mobile subscriber(MS), and the like. In the present invention, the base station maycontrol and take charge of cells (e.g., a macro cell, a femto cell, apico cell, and the like) corresponding to service areas and performfunctions including signal transmission, channel designation, channelmonitoring, self diagnosis, relay, and the like. The base station may bereferred to as an evolved NodeB (eNB), an access point (AP), and thelike.

Referring to FIG. 18, the user equipment 100 may include a processor110, a communication module 120, a memory 130, a user interface unit140, and a display unit 150.

The processor 110 may execute various commands or programs according tothe present invention and process data in the user equipment 100.Further, the processor 100 may control all operations of the respectiveunits of the user equipment 100 and control data transmission/receptionamong the units. For example, the processor 110 may receive a DL signalin an LTE-U cell in an LAA environment and transmit an HARQ-ACK responsethereto to the base station.

The communication module 120 may be an integrated module that performsmobile communication using a mobile communication network and wirelessLAN access using a wireless LAN. To this end, the communication module120 may include a plurality of network interface cards such as cellularcommunication interface cards 121 and 122 and a wireless LAN interfacecard 123 in an internal or external type. In FIG. 18, the communicationmodule 120 is illustrated as the integrated module, but the respectivenetwork interface cards may be independently disposed according to acircuit configuration or a purpose unlike FIG. 18.

The cellular communication interface card 121 transmits/receives a radiosignal to/from at least one of a base station 200, an external device,and a server by using the mobile communication network and provides acellular communication service at a first frequency band based on acommand of the processor 110. The cellular communication interface card121 may include at least one NIC module using an LTE-licensed frequencyband. The cellular communication interface card 122 transmits/receivesthe radio signal to/from at least one of the base station 200, theexternal device, and the server by using the mobile communicationnetwork and provides the cellular communication service at a secondfrequency band based on the command of the processor 110. The cellularcommunication interface card 122 may include at least one NIC moduleusing an LTE-unlicensed frequency band. For example, the LTE-unlicensedfrequency band may be a band of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.

The wireless LAN interface card 123 transmits/receives the radio signalto/from at least one of the base station 200, the external device, andthe server through wireless LAN access and provides a wireless LANservice at the second frequency band based on the command of theprocessor 110. The wireless LAN interface card 123 may include at leastone NIC module using a wireless LAN frequency band. For example, thewireless LAN frequency band may be an unlicensed radio band such as theband of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.

The memory 130 stores a control program used in the user equipment 100and various resulting data. The control program may include a programrequired for the user equipment 100 to perform wireless communicationwith at least one of the base station 200, the external device, and theserver. The user interface 140 includes various types of input/outputmeans provided in the user equipment 100. The display unit 150 outputsvarious images on a display screen.

Further, the base station 200 according to the exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention may include a processor 210, a communicationmodule 220, and a memory 230.

The processor 210 may execute various commands or programs according tothe present invention and process data in the base station 200. Further,the processor 210 may control all operations of the respective units ofthe base station 200 and control data transmission/reception among theunits. For example, the processor 210 may perform DL transmission basedon LBT in an LAA environment. In detail, the processor 210 may performthe DL transmission, verification of an HARQ-ACK feedback set, CWSadjustment, and the like according to cases 1, 2-1, and 2-2.

The communication module 220 may be an integrated module that performsthe mobile communication using the mobile communication network and thewireless LAN access using the wireless LAN like the communication module120 of the user equipment 100. To this end, the communication module 120may include a plurality of network interface cards such as cellularcommunication interface cards 221 and 222 and a wireless LAN interfacecard 223 in the internal or external type. In FIG. 18, the communicationmodule 220 is illustrated as the integrated module, but the respectivenetwork interface cards may be independently disposed according to thecircuit configuration or the purpose unlike FIG. 18.

The cellular communication interface card 221 transmits/receives theradio signal to/from at least one of the user equipment 100, theexternal device, and the server by using the mobile communicationnetwork and provides the cellular communication service at the firstfrequency band based on a command of the processor 210. The cellularcommunication interface card 221 may include at least one NIC moduleusing the LTE-licensed frequency band. The cellular communicationinterface card 222 transmits/receives the radio signal to/from at leastone of the user equipment 100, the external device, and the server byusing the mobile communication network and provides the cellularcommunication service at the second frequency band based on the commandof the processor 210. The cellular communication interface card 222 mayinclude at least one NIC module using the LTE-unlicensed frequency band.The LTE-unlicensed frequency band may be the band of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.

The wireless LAN interface card 223 transmits/receives the radio signalto/from at least one of the user equipment 100, the external device, andthe server through the wireless LAN access and provides the wireless LANservice at the second frequency band based on the command of theprocessor 210. The wireless LAN interface card 223 may include at leastone NIC module using the wireless LAN frequency band. For example, thewireless LAN frequency band may be the unlicensed radio band such as theband of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.

In FIG. 18, blocks of the user equipment and the base station logicallydivide and illustrate elements of the device. The elements of the devicemay be mounted as one chip or a plurality of chips according to designof the device. Further, some components of the user equipment 100, thatis to say, the user interface 140 and the display unit 150 may beselectively provided in the user equipment 100. Further, some componentsof the base station 200, that is to say, the wireless LAN interface 223,and the like may be selectively provided in the base station 200. Theuser interface 140 and the display unit 150 may be additionally providedin the base station 200 as necessary.

The method and the system of the present invention are described inassociation with the specific embodiments, but some or all of thecomponents and operations of the present invention may be implemented byusing a computer system having a universal hardware architecture.

The description of the present invention is used for illustration andthose skilled in the art will understand that the present invention canbe easily modified to other detailed forms without changing thetechnical spirit or an essential feature thereof. Therefore, theaforementioned exemplary embodiments are all illustrative in all aspectsand are not limited. For example, each component described as a singletype may be implemented to be distributed and similarly, componentsdescribed to be distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is represented by the claims to bedescribed below rather than the detailed description, and it is to beinterpreted that the meaning and scope of the claims and all the changesor modified forms derived from the equivalents thereof come within thescope of the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is usable in various communication devices (e.g.,a station or access point using unlicensed band communication, a stationor a base station using cellular communication, or the like) used in awireless communication system.

1. A method for performing downlink transmission in a specific cell byan apparatus in a cellular wireless communication system, the methodcomprising: receiving hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement(HARQ-ACK) feedback for downlink channel transmission(s) of the specificcell, wherein the downlink channel transmission(s) are included in oneor more adjacent subframes on the specific cell which are most recentlytransmitted before the downlink transmission; determining a contentionwindow based on HARQ-ACK value(s) of HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding todownlink channel transmission(s) in reference subframe(s) among the oneor more adjacent subframes, wherein when a ratio of negativeacknowledgement (NACK) of the HARQ-ACK value(s) is equal to or more thana reference value, the contention window is increased to a next higherallowed value, and when the ratio of the NACK of the HARQ-ACK value(s)is less than the reference value, the contention window is reset to aminimum value, generating a random number N (N≥0) in the determinedcontention window; and performing the downlink transmission in thespecific cell after sensing a channel on the specific cell at least forN slots while the channel on the specific cell is idle.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the reference subframe(s) at least include a first onesubframe for which HARQ-ACK feedback is available among the one or moreadjacent subframes.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the first onesubframe is a partial subframe, the reference subframe(s) include firsttwo subframes for which HARQ-ACK feedback is available among the one ormore adjacent subframes.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the partialsubframe starts in a second slot in a subframe.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein when the HARQ-ACK value(s) includes discontinuoustransmission (DTX), whether the DTX is considered for determining thecontention window depends on whether the downlink channeltransmission(s) are assigned by a control channel transmitted on thesame specific cell or by a control channel transmitted on another cell.6. The method of claim 5, wherein when the downlink channeltransmission(s) are assigned by a control channel transmitted on thesame specific cell, the DTX is counted as NACK.
 7. The method of claim5, wherein when the downlink channel transmission(s) are assigned by acontrol channel transmitted on the another cell, the DTX is ignored fordetermining the contention window.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein thespecific cell is an unlicensed cell and the HARQ-ACK feedback isreceived from a plurality of user equipments through a licensed cell. 9.An apparatus used in a cellular wireless communication system, theapparatus comprising: a wireless communication module; and a processor,wherein the processor is configured to receive hybrid automatic repeatrequest acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) feedback for downlink channeltransmission(s) of a specific cell, wherein the downlink channeltransmission(s) are included in one or more adjacent subframes on thespecific cell which are most recently transmitted before the downlinktransmission, determine a contention window based on HARQ-ACK value(s)of HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to downlink channel transmission(s)in reference subframe(s) among the one or more adjacent subframes,wherein when a ratio of negative acknowledgement (NACK) of the HARQ-ACKvalue(s) is equal to or more than a reference value, the contentionwindow is increased to a next higher allowed value, and when the ratioof the NACK of the HARQ-ACK value(s) is less than the reference value,the contention window is reset to a minimum value, generate a randomnumber N (N≥0) in the determined contention window, and perform thedownlink transmission in the specific cell after sensing a channel onthe specific cell at least for N slots while the channel on the specificcell is idle.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the referencesubframe(s) at least include a first one subframe for which HARQ-ACKfeedback is available among the one or more adjacent subframes.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein when the first one subframe is a partialsubframe, the reference subframe(s) include first two subframes forwhich HARQ-ACK feedback is available among the one or more adjacentsubframes.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the partial subframestarts in a second slot in a subframe.
 13. The apparatus of claim 9,wherein when the HARQ-ACK value(s) includes discontinuous transmission(DTX), whether the DTX is considered for determining the contentionwindow depends on whether the downlink channel transmission(s) areassigned by a control channel transmitted on the same specific cell orby a control channel transmitted on another cell.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 13, wherein when the downlink channel transmission(s) are assignedby a control channel transmitted on the same specific cell, the DTX iscounted as NACK.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein when thedownlink channel transmission(s) are assigned by a control channeltransmitted on the another cell, the DTX is ignored for determining thecontention window.
 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the specificcell is an unlicensed cell and the HARQ-ACK feedback is received from aplurality of user equipments through a licensed cell.